Navigation equipment

Navigation on a river is usually not too complicated. However, many rivers will require you to keep track of your position so that you are aware of upcoming rapids, falls and take outs. Sea kayaking on a large lake or the ocean involves the potential you will get lost.

It is wise to carry a compass and know how to use it and a chart or map and know how to read it. A watch or timepiece will allow you to keep track of time - essential for dead reckoning.

Binoculars are so frequently useful that they should be considered as essential tools. They allow you to scan distant shores for details that help you determine position or find campsites, landing spots and other features of interest. Without binoculars, you may find yourself paddling unnecessary distances to examine things.

A waterproof chart case will keep your chart from turning into a giant spitwad. Make sure you get one that is transparent on both sides - that makes it easier to fold your map so that you just have to flip it over when you are finished with one side. A protractor can be used to measure off or lay out angles and the grid will assist with drawing lines. Both are useful when determining position using bearings to two or more objects. In a pinch, a hiking compass with a clear base makes a suitable protractor.

A length of string is useful for many purposes. If you know the winding path you've travelled along a shore or among islands, you can place the string on that path on the map. Stretch the line out and measure to determine the distance you've travelled. Reversing the process allows you to find out how far you can travel on a meandering path in a given period of time. You can also use the string in conjunction with the protractor to extend a line at an angle.

For temporary markings on a laminated chart or on a chart case, get a Stabilo Aquarellable pencil. These can write on almost any surface, including many plastics. They also can be used to write on your kayak's deck for quick notes. To erase, just rub with your finger (a little water will help sometimes).

These days a GPS is quite cheap and very usable, although it does not render the chart and compass obsolete. A thorough knowlege of manual navigation is recommended for anyone planning an extended trip. After you have a thorough understanding the basics of map and compass use, consider buying a GPS to extend your abilities and knowledge.